The Book of Dead and the Ten Commandments

The Hebrew Ten Commandments and Egyptian Book of the Dead are viewed as altogether different strict writings. Accordingly, in the books of Exodus and Deuteronomy, the Ten Commandments hold a fundamental situation in the moral arrangement of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. It filled in as an image of God’s direction and nearness with his kin (â€Å"Ten Commandments†). Ten Commandments is a lot of significant than the book of dead on the grounds that there’s no life after hard of hearing. Right off the bat, The Ten Commandments and the Book of the Dead are words composed for individuals to obey.The Ten Commandments are ten explanations Christians live their lives by, while the Book of the Dead contains spells that guide the spirit in exploring the black market. In Christian religion, the Ten Commandments fill in as a synopsis of the celestial law given to Moses by God. In the wake of driving his kin out of subjugation, Moses and his adherents happened upon Mt. Si nai. Scaling this mountain, he got the Law which would shape the premise of God's Covenant with Israel.The design was to rehearse an existence of compliance and commitment to God all together for otherworldly salvation to be accomplished. Also, The Ten Commandments fill in as a layout for individuals to use as a model for their life. For the Egyptians, the Book of the Dead isn't so much a strict arrangement of laws, yet more as a voyager's guide through the black market. The Egyptians accepted that, however demise was unavoidable, it was additionally survivable. To explore the black market, spells written in the Book of the Dead were utilized by the spirit of the decease.The Book contains a rundown of explanations that look to some extent like the Ten Commandments, both in nature and expressing. The spirits of the dead were required to finish two distinct assessments. The first was the weighing of their heart against the quill of Truth. In the event that they breezed through this as sessment, at that point they proceeded onward to the second. It required the perished to discuss a negative admission at the Hall of Two Truths (â€Å"Book of the Dead†). A negative admission incorporates the utilization of the expression â€Å"I have not . . . This is strikingly like the â€Å"Thou will not . . . † stating of the Ten Commandments. For instance, â€Å"I have not censured the God† is equivalent to â€Å"Thou will not take the name of the Lord thy God futile. †I have not murdered; I have not surrendered anybody to an executioner might be connected to Thou will not kill† (Exodus).However, however Christians stay devoted to just a single God, â€Å"the Egyptians had faith in a horde of divine beings and goddesses† (Roth Ruth). The negative admissions are combined with the naming of 42 divine beings. Hail Flame†, â€Å"Hail Shining-Tooth†, â€Å"and Hail Neheb-kau† (Wikipedia). The second significant distincti on is that the idea of a Sabbath Day isn't referenced in the Book of the Dead. Taking everything into account, we can say that the book of dead acquired the idea of the Ten Commandments. Contrasting an interpretation of the Book and the King James Version of Exodus, the two writings end up being fundamentally the same as. In any case, significant contrasts, for example, god-love and strict occasions fill in as hindrances in this hypothesis in light of the fact that â€Å"before hard of hearing there was life†( Wikipedia).

Drink Raw Milk

Drink Raw Milk Having spent most of my life on a dairy ranch, I have had the benefit of appreciating new, perfect, delectable crude milk. There is not at all like it! I would bet that not many have ever encountered the satisfaction in tasting a tall, super cold, rich â€Å"straight from the farm† glass of milk. There is nothing on the planet that contrasts and the general taste, the dietary substance, and the medical advantages found in crude milk. Crude milk ought to be a possibility for everybody to expend. There are admonitions and new research encouraging shoppers to keep away from crude milk and crude milk items. Without a doubt, I was shocked to understand Nelson (2010) that, â€Å"Raw milk remains solitary as the main food that has been banned, and its backers call attention to that it took a sacred change to boycott alcohol,† (p. 3). In any case, the development is by all accounts picking up in prominence. The Oake Knoll Ayrshire ranch in Foxborough, Massachusetts possessed by the Lawton family is an ideal case of the force that the crude milk development has picked up. â€Å"Lawton calculates that she has 200 week by week clients, versus only a bunch two years ago,† (Gumpert, 2008). With the â€Å"organic† new items development and the expanded availability to farmer’s markets, shoppers have gotten progressively mindful of these other options. As per the leader of the Weston A. Value Foundation, an establishment that stands unequivocally behind the crude milk development, an expected a large portion of a million Americans or more are expending crude milk. There are numerous issues encompassing the crude milk versus purified milk banter, however as of now I need to concentrate on the issue of decision. The flavor of crude milk is the main thing I think about each time I drink sanitized milk. There are uncommon contrasts in taste, pleasantness, and surface. Crude milk is gentle, velvety, and considerably better than purified milk. â€Å"Fresh milk has a fragile flavor contributed by mixes of low atomic load in follow sums. Warmth treatment influences the kind of milk and delivers distinguishable off-flavours,† (Aboshama, 1977). Numerous crude milk customers affirm that one of the principle reasons they drink crude milk is for the flavor and rich surface. In a New York Times article, a few crude milk drinkers’ suppositions are voiced about the flavor of crude milk: â€Å"richness and density,† â€Å"complexity of flavor,† and â€Å"we trust the conventional natural way of life [flavor] more,† (Drape, 2007). The best tasting milk is going to originate from cows that are field taken care of. There is an immediate connection between what the creature eats and the taste and dietary benefit of the milk. â€Å"Products from field raised creatures are more beneficial [tastier] for you to eat than those from grain-took care of creatures for some reasons. Creatures get all the more promptly accessible supplements from new field plants than from grains, so their items contain more nutrient E, beta carotene, conjugated linoleic corrosive (CLA) and omega-3 greasy acids,† (Schivera, 2003). This field took care of cow’s milk is the top notch crude milk that such a significant number of individuals are searching out and protecting. This exclusive requirement of milk looks like that of which most Americans once lived on, when either everybody claimed a bovine or knew somebody who did. Research done by Levieux (1980) clarifies that two sorts of protein exist in milk; they are casein and whey. In contrast to casein, whey protein is deconstructed during sanitization (p. 93). These proteins assume a significant job in the retention of nutrients and minerals. Colman, Hettiararchychy, and Herbert (1981) announced that numerous nutrients and minerals are pulled in to these proteins and possibly tie to them. This bond can encourage their assimilation by the stomach related framework. Sanitization obliterates the capacity of specific proteins stuck milk to sticky situation the significant nutrient folate and thus help its retention (p. 1426). The segments of crude milk that are believed to be generally influenced by the purification procedure are the water dissolvable nutrients and the proteins. As per examine finished by Rolls (1973), there is around a 10% loss of nutrients BI, B6, B12 and folate and a 25% loss of nutrient C (p. 10). At last, crude milk furnishes the purchaser with more accessible nutrients and minerals than purified milk. The accompanying outline analyzes the healthy benefits of crude milk and sanitized milk and obviously shows crude milk offers unmistakably a bigger number of advantages than purified milk. NUTRITIVE VALUE OF RAW MILK Vs. Purified MILK (Chart) Category ComparedRaw MilkPasteurized Milk 1) Enzymes:All accessible. Under 10% remaining. 2) Protein:100% accessible, each of the 22 amino acids, including 8 that are basic. Protein-lysine and tyrosine are changed by heat with genuine loss of metabolic accessibility. This outcomes in making the entire protein complex less accessible for tissue fix and remaking. ) Fats: (look into examines demonstrate that fats are important to use protein and calcium. All common protein-bearing nourishments contain fats. )Each of the 18 unsaturated fats metabolically accessible, both immersed and unsaturated fats. Adjusted by heat, particularly the 10 fundamental unsaturated fats. 4) Vitamins:All 100% accessible. Among the fat-solvent nutrients, some are classed as unsteady and in this way a misfortune is brought about by warming above blood temperature. This loss of Vitamin A, D, E and F can run as high as 66%. Nutrient C misfortune as a rule surpasses half. Misfortunes on water-dissolvable nutrients are influenced by warm and can run from 38% to 80%. ) Carbohydrates:Easily used in digestion. Still related normally with components. Tests demonstrate that warmth has rolled out certain improvements making components less accessible metabolically. 6) Minerals:All 100% metabolically accessible. Significant mineral parts are calcium, chlorine, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium and sulfur. Essential follow minerals, each of the at least 24, 100% accessible. Calcium is modified by warmth and misfortune in digestion may run half or more, contingent upon purification temperature. Misfortunes in other fundamental minerals, since one mineral for the most part acts synergistically with another component. There is lost compounds that fill in as pioneers in digestion minerals. NOTE:Bacterial development in Raw Milk increments gradually, in light of the inviting corrosive framing microscopic organisms (nature's clean) impedes the development of attacking living beings (microbes). Normally saves for half a month when under refrigeration and will sharp rather than decay. Sanitization alludes to the way toward warming each molecule of milk to in any event 145 F. what's more, holding at such temperature for in any event 15 seconds. Sanitizing doesn't evacuate soil, or bacterially-created poisons from milk. Bacterial development will be geometrically fast after purification and homogenization. Bit by bit turns malodorous in a couple of days, and afterward breaks down. Note. The above graph on nutritive qualities was refered to from â€Å"Report In Favor Of Raw Milk: Expert Report and Recommendations,† by A. Vonderplanitz and W. C. Douglass, 2001, Retrieved from http://docs. google. com Raw milk offers numerous medical advantages which incorporate physical, stomach related, and even subjective wellbeing. Perkin (2007) reference refers to one of his prior examinations Perkin (2006) that, â€Å"Found defensive impacts of unpasteurized utilization on flow skin inflammation and occasional hypersensitive rhinitis symptoms,† (p. 627). This examination has been upheld by others, for example, Waser (2007) who addressed why most cultivating youngsters appear not to experience the ill effects of these sicknesses. There are numerous instances of research that show crude milk’s wellbeing preferences. Nelson (2010) distinguishes distributed investigations that discover proof for the accompanying medical advantages: Childhood utilization of crude milk brought about critical decreases in the advancement of asthma, skin inflammation, and feed fever (in Nelson 2010, p. 6). Utilization of â€Å"farm milk† demonstrated a critical opposite relationship to asthma and hypersensitivities in an investigation of about 15,000 European kids (in Nelson 2010, p. ). Despite the fact that the follow contemplates are dated and have been constantly excused by mainstream science, this examination shows a connection between's youth utilization of crude milk and the nonappearance of certain youth sicknesses. Youngsters who drank crude milk were less inclined to create pits and higher protection from tuberculosis (in Nelson 2010, p. 6). Crude milk forestalled scurvy and secured against influenza, diphtheria and pneumonia (in Nelson 2010, p. 6). I think that its amusing that we presently vaccinate youngsters (and a few grown-ups) for a few of the above illnesses. It makes me wonder whether the utilization of crude milk (or the absence of) has assumed a huge job in the need for these vaccinations. Milk in it’s cleanest, rawest structure offers the most medical advantages to the purchaser. The debate encompassing the legitimateness of crude milk keeps on seething on, in spite of the fact that the center ought to be to wipe out the creation of â€Å"dirty† milk. I review from my time on my parents’ dairy ranch that as long as the microorganisms tally stays beneath 100,000 for every ml, creatures if present, can't speak to noteworthy wellbeing peril. Nelson (2010) affirms that not exclusively does state controllers require a bacterial tally of 100,000 for each ml for milk scheduled to be sanitized, they require the microscopic organisms check of Grade A Raw milk to stay under 30,000 for every ml (p. 5). The answer for the crude milk banter is in the formation of an all inclusive standard for all milk, not in the prohibiting of unpasteurized milk. The sanitization procedure keeps on being of incredible incentive for mass created milk, where creatures are kept in bound spaces and reated with anti-infection agents and hormones, yet there is no motivation to deny the customer the satisfaction in top notch unpasteurized milk. The motivation behind this article is to give you, the peruser, a clarification of the advantages of crude milk. Despite the fact that these advantages exist, numerous individuals have never attempted crude milk since it proceeds to

Edward Thorndikes Contribution to Psychology

Edward Thorndike's Contribution to Psychology History and Biographies Print Edward Thorndikes Contribution to the Field of Psychology By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on August 12, 2019 Bettmann Archive / Getty Images More in Psychology History and Biographies Psychotherapy Basics Student Resources Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming Edward Thorndike  was an influential psychologist who is  often referred to as the founder of modern educational psychology. He was perhaps best-known for his famous puzzle box experiments with cats which led to the development of his law of effect. Thorndikes principle suggests that responses immediately followed by satisfaction will be more likely to recur. The law of effect also suggests that behaviors followed by dissatisfaction or discomfort will become less likely to occur. Best Known For The Law of EffectOften called the father of modern educational psychologyAnimal researchTrial-and-error theory of learning Birth and Death Edward Lee Thorndike was born on August 31, 1874, in Williamsburg, Massachusetts.He died on August 9, 1949. Edward Thorndikes Early Life Edward Thorndike was the son of a Methodist minister and grew up in Massachusetts. While he was a very successful student, he initially disliked his first psychology course. Like many other psychologists of his time, Thorndikes  interest in psychology grew after reading the classic book The Principles of Psychology by William James. When he graduated from Wesleyan University in 1895 with a bachelor of science degree, Thorndike then enrolled at Harvard University to study English and French literature. During his first semester, however, he took a psychology course taught by William James and soon decided to switch his study concentration to psychology. He later moved on to Columbia University where he studied under the guidance of psychologist James McKeen Cattell. After earning his Ph.D. from Columbia in 1898, Thorndike briefly took a position as an Assistant Professor of Pedagogy at Case Western Reserve University. In the year 1900, Thorndike married Elizabeth Moulton. He then took a job as a psychology professor at the Teachers College at Columbia University where he would continue to teach for the rest of his career. Edward Thorndike’s Work and Theories Thorndike is perhaps best-known for the theory he called the law of effect, which emerged from his research on how cats learn to escape from puzzle boxes. According to Thorndikes law of effect, responses that are immediately followed by a satisfactory outcome become more strongly associated with the situation and are therefore more likely to occur again in the future. Conversely, responses followed by negative outcomes become more weakly associated and less likely to reoccur in the future. As you might imagine, this principle had a strong influence on the development of the behavioral school of thought. B.F. Skinners operant conditioning process relies on this principle, as behaviors followed by desirable outcomes are strengthened while those followed by undesirable outcomes are weakened. Edward Thorndikes Contributions to Psychology Through his work and theories, Thorndike became strongly associated with the American school of thought known as functionalism. Other prominent functionalist thinkers included Harvey Carr, James Rowland Angell, and John Dewey. Thorndike is also often referred to as the father of modern-day educational psychology and published several books on the subject. Thorndike was elected president of the American Psychological Association in 1912 and became one of the very first psychologists to be admitted to the National Academy of Sciences in 1917. Today, Thorndike is perhaps best remembered for his famous animal experiments and for the law of effect. Selected Publications by Edward Thorndike Educational Psychology (1903)Introduction to the Theory of Mental and Social Measurements (1904)The Elements of Psychology (1905)Animal Intelligence (1911)The Measurement of Intelligence (1927)The Fundamentals of Learning (1932)

The Jury Of A Jury - 1507 Words

Jury Paper The concept of juries dates back to the eighth century. Instead of it being an impartial body of unbiased people, juries interrogated prisoners. It was not until the fourteenth century that juries would start to become what we know them today. About three million people are called to serve jury duty every year in the United States. On average only 1.2 million actually serve their request according to the American Bar Association. A jury is picked from a jury pool. The jury pool is made up of around sixty people. These sixty people are questioned and screened by both lawyers to weed out any that are to bias toward the subject of the case. The first part of jury is picking one person to speak for everyone, they are known as the†¦show more content†¦Juries in other countries are not quite like ours. In the United Kingdom they do not have a grand jury. If the judge or police feels that the crime is serious enough it is sent straight to a jury trial. Other countries su ch as Canada, Australia, and New Zealand have started to adopt the concept as well. Other than this a jury trial is set up relatively the same as they are in the United States. Both sides are able to present evidence to a jury and the jury discusses and comes up with a verdict. A former New York judge, Sol Wathtler, once said â€Å"A district attorney could get a grand jury to indict a ham sandwich.† (Hans, 2008). This is because a prosecution is able to get a jury to believe anything due to they are able to present evidence such as hearsay and illegally obtained evidence that wouldn’t be used in a jury trial. The defense is not allowed to be in the court when a grand jury is in session, that is the reason the prosecution is able to present that evidence. This is one major reason why many countries stopped showing cases in a grand jury. In the United States .027 percent of trial by juries are tried unfairly. That gives our justice system a 99.973 percent success rate a ccording to researchers from National Geographic (Hughes, 2014). In a case known as the Affluenza Teen; teenager Ethan Couch

2019-20 Common Application Essay Prompts Tips, Samples

For the 2019-20 application cycle, the Common Application  essay prompts remain unchanged from the 2018-19 cycle. With the inclusion of the popular Topic of Your Choice option, you have the opportunity to write about anything you want to share with the folks in the admissions office. The current prompts are the result of much discussion and debate from the member institutions who use the Common Application. The essay length limit stands at 650 words (the minimum is 250 words), and students will need to choose from the seven options below. The essay prompts are designed to encourage reflection and introspection. The best essays focus on self-analysis, rather than spending a disproportionate amount of time merely describing a place or event. Analysis, not description, will reveal the critical thinking skills that are the hallmark of a promising college student.  If your essay doesnt include some self-analysis, you havent fully succeeded in responding to the prompt. According to the folks at the Common Application, in the 2018-19 admissions cycle, Option #7 (topic of your choice) was the most popular and was used by 24.1% of applicants. The second most popular was Option #5 (discuss an accomplishment) with 23.7% of applicants. In third place was Option #2 on a setback or failure. 21.1% of applicants chose that option. From the Admissions Desk While the transcript and grades will always be the most important piece in the review of an application, essays can help a student stand out. The stories and information shared in an essay are what the Admissions Officer will use to advocate for the student in the admissions committee.–Valerie Marchand WelshDirector of College Counseling, The Baldwin SchoolFormer Associate Dean of Admissions, University of Pennsylvania Always keep in mind why colleges are asking for an essay: they want to get to know you better. Nearly all selective colleges and universities (as well as many that arent overly selective) have holistic admissions, and they consider many factors in addition to numerical measures such as grades and standardized test scores. Your essay is an important tool for presenting something you find important that may not come across elsewhere in your application. Make sure your essay presents you as the type of person a college will want to invite to join their community. Below are the seven options with some general tips for each: Option #1   Some students have a background, identity, interest, or talent that is so meaningful they believe their application would be incomplete without it.  If this sounds like you, then please share your story. Identity is at the heart of this prompt. What is it that makes you you? The prompt gives you a lot of latitude for answering the question since you can write a story about your background, identity, interest, or talent. Your background can be a broad environmental factor that contributed to your development such as growing up in a military family, living in an interesting place, or dealing with an unusual family situation. You could write about an event or series of events that had a profound impact on your identity. Your interest or talent could be a passion that has driven you to become the person you are today. However you approach the prompt, make sure you are inward looking and explain how and why  the story you tell is so meaningful.   See more Tips and Strategies for Essay Option #1Sample essay for option #1: Handiwork by VanessaSample essay for option #1: My Dads by CharlieSample essay for option #1: Give Goth a ChanceSample essay for option #1: Wallflower Option #2   The lessons we take from obstacles we encounter can be fundamental to later success.  Recount a time when you faced a challenge, setback, or failure. How did it affect you, and what did you learn from the experience? This prompt may seem to go against everything that youve learned on your path to college. Its far more comfortable in an application to celebrate successes and accomplishments than it is to discuss setbacks and failure. At the same time, youll impress the college admissions folks greatly if you can show your ability to learn from your failures and mistakes. Be sure to devote significant space to the second half of the question—how did you learn and grow from the experience? Introspection and honesty are key with this prompt. See more Tips and Strategies for Essay Option #2Sample essay for option #2: Striking Out by RichardSample essay for option #2: Student Teacher by Max Option #3 Reflect on a time when you questioned or challenged a belief or idea. What prompted your thinking? What was the outcome? Keep in mind how open-ended this prompt truly is. The belief or idea you explore could be your own, someone elses, or that of a group. The best essays will be honest as they explore the difficulty of working against the status quo or a firmly held belief. The answer to the final question about the outcome of your challenge need not be a success story.  Sometimes in retrospection, we discover that the cost of an action was perhaps too great. However you approach this prompt, your essay needs to reveal one of your core personal values. If the belief you challenged doesnt give the admissions folks a window into your personality, then you havent succeeded with this prompt. See more Tips and Strategies for Essay Option #3Sample essay for option #3: Gym Class Hero by Jennifer Option #4   Describe a problem youve solved or a problem youd like to solve. It can be an intellectual challenge, a research query, an ethical dilemma--anything that is of personal importance, no matter the scale. Explain its significance to you and what steps you took or could be taken to identify a solution. Here,  again, the Common Application gives you a lot of options for approaching the question. With the ability to write about an intellectual challenge, a research query, an ethical dilemma, you can essentially write about any issue that you find important. Note that you do not have to have solved the problem, and some of the best essays will explore problems that need to be solved in the future. Be careful with that opening word describe—youll want to spend much more time analyzing the problem than describing it. This essay prompt, like all of the options, is asking you to be introspective and share with the admissions folks what it is that you value. See more Tips and Strategies for Essay Option #4Sample essay for option #4: Grandpas Rubiks Cube Option #5 Discuss an accomplishment, event, or realization that sparked a period of personal growth and a new understanding of yourself or others. This question was reworded in 2017-18 admissions cycle, and the current language is a huge improvement. The prompt use to talk about transitioning from childhood to adulthood, but the new language about a period of personal growth is a much better articulation of how we actually learn and mature (no single event makes us adults). Maturity comes as the result of a long train of events and accomplishments (and failures). This prompt is an excellent choice if you want to explore a single event or achievement that marked a clear milestone in your personal development. Be careful to avoid the hero essay—admissions offices are often overrun with essays about the season-winning touchdown or brilliant performance in the school play (see the list of bad essay topics for more about this issue). These can certainly be fine topics for an essay, but make sure your essay is analyzing your personal growth process, not bragging about an accomplishment. See more Tips and Strategies for Essay Option #5Sample essay for option #5: Buck Up by Jill Option #6 Describe a topic, idea, or concept you find so engaging that it makes you lose all track of time. Why does it captivate you? What or who do you turn to when you want to learn more? This option was entirely new in 2017, and its a wonderfully broad prompt. In essence, its asking you to identify and discuss something that enthralls you. The question gives you an opportunity to identify something that kicks your brain into high gear, reflect on why it is so stimulating, and reveal your process for digging deeper into something that you are passionate about. Note that the central words here—topic, idea, or concept—all have rather academic connotations. While you may lose track of time when running or playing football, sports are probably not the best choice for this particular question. See more Tips and Strategies for Essay Option #6 Option #7 Share an essay on any topic of your choice. It can be one youve already written, one that responds to a different prompt, or one of your own design. The popular topic of your choice option had been removed from the Common Application between 2013 and 2016, but it returned again with the 2017-18 admissions cycle. Use this option if you have a story to share that doesnt quite fit into any of the options above. However, the first six topics are extremely broad with a lot of flexibility, so make sure your topic really cant be identified with one of them. Also, dont equate topic of your choice with a license to write a comedy routine or poem (you can submit such things via the Additional Info option). Essays written for this prompt still need to have substance and tell your reader something about you. Cleverness is fine, but dont be clever at the expense of meaningful content. See more Tips and Strategies for Essay Option #7Sample essay for option #7: My Hero Harpo by Alexis Final Thoughts Whichever prompt you chose, make sure you are looking inward. What do you value? What has made you grow as a person? What makes you the unique individual the admissions folks will want to invite to join their campus community? The best essays spend significant time with self-analysis rather than merely describing a place or event. The folks at The Common Application have cast a wide net with these questions, and nearly anything you want to write about could fit under at least one of the options. If your essay could fit under more than one option, it really doesnt matter which one you choose. Many admissions officers, in fact, dont even look at which prompt you chose—they just want to see that you have written a good essay.

HIPPA and the Privacy of Medical Records Essay - 1349 Words

HIPPA and the Privacy of Medical Records Previously, healthcare information has been protected by state law. However, since this information crosses state lines, the need for federal protection has been warranted. In 1996, Congress passed the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). HIPAA provides the first federal protection for the privacy of medical records (Burke Weill, 2005) HIPPA encourages the use of electronic medical record and the sharing of medical records between healthcare providers, because it can aid in saving lives. HIPAA requires that patients have some knowledge of the use of their medical records and must be notified in writing of their providers privacy policy. HIPAA has technical†¦show more content†¦With the increase in technology, it has become easy for physicians to transfer medical data via fax and computer. HIPAA encourages electronic transactions, but requires new guidelines to protect the security and confidentiality of health information. According to HIPAA, trans ferring patients medical data to anyone without consent is illegal. A major goal of the Privacy Rule is to assure that individuals health information is protected properly while allowing health information that is needed to provide a quality of service to people who need it. Although the healthcare field is diverse, the Rule is flexible and covers a wide range of uses and disclosures that need to be addressed (Burke Weill, 2005). In a large service-related Healthcare organization with the staff to patient ratio approximately 1:100, there is a greater threat by technology of breaching security records. Medical records include information about ones physical and mental being. They may contain information about ones relationship with family members, sexual behavior, drug or alcohol problems and HIV status ( Burke Weill, 2005). The confidentiality is threatened when the medical records information is put on the Internet, by use of telemedicine, and by the use of e-mail by healthcare workers. Although this is the fastest way to store and shareShow MoreRelatedMedical Professionals Should Always Value A Patient s Ethical Right833 Words   |  4 PagesMedical professionals should always value a patient’s ethical right to privacy and confidentiality. Under the HIPPA law, there are still concerns with the protection of patient privacy; therefore, healthcare professionals must confront the growing technological environment and find ways to increase access security, as well as discipline employees that violate a patient’s privacy. Electronic health records can be beneficial to providers from a cost and efficiency standpoint, but are patients reallyRead MoreEssay on Mis Implications for Hipaa773 Words   |  4 PagesPortability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) and the relationship it has with Management Information Systems (MIS). We will look at some of the rules and regulations that are required in maintaining health information systems as well as some o f the benefits that it can provide for patients. We will also examine how MIS is helping to enforce HIPPA and regulate where, when, and how information is stored, accessed, and shared. Through a thorough review of the HIPPA policies that were first put in placeRead MoreDaniels HI135 Unit6 Assignment Essay1072 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Privacy in Health Care Machelle’ Daniels Kaplan University Scenario 1 Jim Philips is the attorney for Karen Munstrom. Karen is filing suit against Howard Doe in a domestic dispute. Jim Philips sends Memorial Hospital an original authorization that is signed and dated by Karen Munstrom. The authorization, addressed to your hospital, includes the dates of the records requested. The authorization does not state the type or subject of the information to be disclosed. The records of Ms. MunstromRead MoreThe Health Insurance Portability And Accountability Act817 Words   |  4 Pages This journal entry is a reflection of research on the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA). Enacted by Congress in 1996, HIPPA was created to â€Å"modernize health information exchange† (Solove, 2013). For the consumer, HIPPA sets rules which protect the privacy of health information, to be followed by health care providers and insurance companies. It also gives consumers rights over their health information, such as obtaining a copy, making sure it is accurate, and to knowRead MoreHipaa Security Rule And Privacy Rule1107 Words   |  5 PagesAn overview of the HIPAA Security Rule and Privacy Rule On February 20th 2003 the HIPAA security rule was published by (HHS) the Department of Health and Human Services. Entities with small health plans were given over three years to comply with the security rule, while the larger entities had two years from the publications original date to comply. The HIPAA security rule is the same as it has been since its implementation more than 10 years ago. On January 25, 2013 the act was amended by the OmnibusRead MoreAdministrative Ethics Paper (Hcs-335)1063 Words   |  5 PagesPaper HCS-335 Week 4/ day 7 There are many issues that may arise concerning patient privacy. Years ago it was not a pacific law protecting patient rights and privacy. In august of 1996, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) were signed into law by President Bill Clinton (Physicians Billing Associates International, 2006). The HIPPA Act includes provisions for: †¢ Health insurance portability †¢ Fraud and abuse control †¢ Tax related provisions Read MoreThe Health Insurance Portability And Accountability Act1416 Words   |  6 Pagesand Accountability Act, or HIPPA, began in 1996 when a legal mandate was issue by Congress to protect the ethical principles and confidentiality of patient information (Burkhardt Nathaniel, 2014). Prior to this legislation, employees were not protected between jobs. Waste, fraud and abuse in health insurance and healthcare delivery was prevalent. The need to protect the rights of the patient was needed but also the Act contained passages to promote the use of medical savings accounts by introducingRead MoreHippa Violation1569 Words   |  7 PagesHIPPA Violation Sarah Joss Rasmussen College Author Note This research paper is being submitted on March 3th, 2013, for Milo Sampson’s M230/HSC2641 Section 04 - Medical Law and Ethics class. HIPPA Violation – Privacy Rule Thesis: Preventing violations of the HIPAA Privacy Rule greatly impacts any health care professional, specifically patient information as it relates to a pharmacy and its entire staff. Ever wonder what the acronym HIPAA stands for, how it relates to health care professionalsRead MoreThe Importance Of A Better Care System For The Modern Age Of E Health Within The Online Medical And Public Domains1514 Words   |  7 Pages HIPPA REQUIRED BY LAW Instructor: Laura Aagesen By Charles H Price Jr CTUonline.edu 04/18/2015 HIPPA REQUIRED BY LAW. Attention: all management staff and employees recently the corporate office contacted our offices in regards to CEO Chief Executive Officer Beranger, †HIPAA Health Information Portability and Accountability Act information request, she is requesting research information from us on the topic. Her plans include moving the health care organization toward the modernRead MoreAdministrative Ethics1083 Words   |  5 PagesSorensen HCS/335 August 19, 2012 Christine Singel Administrative Ethics Patient privacy is the responsibility of the medical organization that treats the patient. Patients have the right to have their medical issues kept private from people that do not need to know the information. The federal government has created the HIPPA policy to help medical organizations understand and follow rules to protect the privacy of the patients that come to the organization. It is important for the organization

Hindu Of Atman And Buddhism No Self Theory â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Hindu Theory Of Atman And Buddhism No-Self Theory? Answer: Introducation This world consists of various religions that have different beliefs and values. Similar things are looked differently by the people who have different religious background. This is because the concepts and the teachings that have been taught to them by their religious teachers are different. The basis of the concepts remains same but the thinking and the viewpoints regarding that concept is different (Adhikary, 2010). The major concept that has been discussed by various religions is the Accounting of self. This is the concept that has frequent theories associated with it by different religion followers. No religion would be totally satisfied with the teaching and theories of the teachings and theories of self by other religion. The contradiction is observed in the Buddhism theory and the Hinduism theory (Klostermaier, 2007). Although, Buddhism is the part of Hinduism, still they refused to agree on the points Hinduism follow on the concept self that is also called as Atman. Hinduism believes that there is self in each of the human body that is called soul or atman. This is the basis of existence for humans in Hinduism and they claim that soul is what makes the humans how they are and not the body. Human body is just considered as the external container that holds the soul. Atman is not a physical element but is present in the human body. During incarnation of the human body, this soul leaves the body as soul cannot die according to the Hinduism theory (Narayanan, 2009). On the other hand, Buddhism is the religion that believes in the theory of anatman. Unlike Hinduism, Buddhism think that there is no self in the body that is required for the existence, but it is the cause and effects that are the basis of life on earth. The below discussion provides the information about both the concepts and beliefs of self and the judgment has been made in the end regarding the plausibility of one of the theory. Hindu believes that there is soul in every body. The soul is considered as immortal, invisible and eternal in nature (Narayanan, 2009). The soul is called atman which breathes inside humans. Atman should not be confused with the mind or body as it is distinct from both. management to the theory of Hinduism, self-awareness is to be aware of the nature of the soul of the person and not the mind or bodys nature (Heimsath, 2015). This is the reason why self-awareness considered so difficult. It is this awareness that helps in distinguishing the great personalities from the normal personalities in Hinduism. A famous analogy is explained in order to explain the concept of soul in the human body by Hinduism. The analogy is driver in the vehicle. Here, the driver is considered as soul and vehicle is termed as body. As the car or the vehicle cannot run without the driver, likewise a body also needs the soul to function. When a car hits another car, the person sitting in one car says that he h its me instead, in actual, the car hits the car. Just like this concept, soul is not the body but it is assumed to be one. Driver of the car is bound to the laws and rules of driving the car on the roads; likewise the soul of the body is also restricted by some of the factors such as mind and heart of the body (Gandhi, 2017). When the child is small, he do not have knowledge about the rules and laws of driving and he may not have the knowledge that car needs driver to run. In same way, the people who do not have knowledge regarding the soul and the body thinks that soul and body are same. They generally fail to see the soul as distinct part of the body. Drivers can leave their one car and drive other cars. Just like the soul of the human body that can leave one and can enter to anther after the incarnation. This is the basis of rebirth concept that the Hindus believe in (Tweed, 2011). self-realization is thus a sacred practice that cannot be practiced by anyone. It is the actual rea lization of the soul that can be achieved only when the soul have its control the mind. When all the materialistic thinking vanishes from the mind of the human body, the only self-realization can be achieved. On the other hand, Buddhism also made some of the arguments that are about the concept of no self-theory of Buddhism. The first argument that is made is about sufferings. According to Buddhism theory, the humans and animals have been given six senses in order to feel the sufferings they experience. They argue that anything that face sufferings cannot be ours thus, Business suggests that there is no soul but the body is the self. Buddhism teachings suggest that there are five skandhas that involves forms, sensation, perceptions, mental formations and consciousness. Form is about the physical form while sensation is about the feelings whether emotional of physical (Yao, 2012). The third skandha is about the thinking process the humans have to take and understands the concepts. Mental formations are about the habits of the people and the last one is about the awareness or the sensitivity of the different objects. The most important thing that needs to be understood about all these skand ha is that they are empty in nature and thus the concept of no self-arises (Colzato, Zech, Hommel, Verdonschot, van den Wildenberg and Hsieh, 2012). This concept of Buddhism is also termed as anatman or anatta. Buddhism teachings suggest that the terms ego, soul, self, etc. are just the terms and they do not have any real identity. According to Buddhism, there is no reason to believe the fact that there is existence of an immortal soul. Buddhism suggests that it is better to strive for salvation rather than wasting time in researching about the soul and self-awareness. Both the religions have their own concepts and beliefs. However, it is difficult to find out that whose concepts re better justified. It has been analysed that Hindus justifies their concept of soul and atman. The analogy has been framed for justifying the concept of soul with the driver and the vehicle. This defines the concept of soul. As far as the Buddhism arguments are considered, it is more related to the modern world and is related to science. Thus some of the people believe in this concept. Hinduism claims that body and soul are distinct part; Buddhism says that soul does not exist and the concept of soul and self is non-existent. There is no thing called soul on their earth. It is only the sufferings and the senses that made the body and the self. It has ben analysed that the features of bot the teaching are very much contrasting. Hinduism claims are very different from the Buddhism claims. However, Hinduism has very intelligently justified their beliefs by making such analo gies but Buddhism has only provided the statement that there is no reason for them to believe in atman (Young, Morris, Burrus, Krishnan and Regmi, 2011). There is no proper justification of what they are claiming. In addition to it, they even do not have any contrasting claim that can cut the claim of the Hindus. Buddhism are only giving statements in their teachings that soul is not present but they do not have any proof to that and they have not even proved that Hindus are wrong in their beliefs. They are just denying the religious teachings of Hindus without any proof. Every religion has their own concepts and beliefs and thus has their own plausibility. According to Buddhism, human are process and not the self while Hinduism gives humans a life (Menon, 2013). Analysing the arguments of both the religions, it has been identified that plausibility is found more in Hinduism rather than in the concepts of Buddhism. Examining both the sides, it has been analysed that Buddhism has log ic behind its concepts but Hinduism has justifies their concepts with the theoretical aspects without any practical logic of modern world (Chan, 2008). With due respect to both the religion, it has been suggested out of the study that every religion has their own beliefs that needs to be respected by the other religion followers. This is because no religion can be wrong; it is just that the views and the thinking process of the people and the followers are different. References: Adhikary, N.M., 2010. Sancharyoga: Approaching communication as a vidya in Hindu orthodoxy.China Media Research,6(3), pp.76-85. Chan, W.S., 2008. Psychological attachment, no-self and Chan Buddhist mind therapy.Contemporary Buddhism,9(2), pp.253-264. Colzato, L.S., Zech, H., Hommel, B., Verdonschot, R., van den Wildenberg, W.P. and Hsieh, S., 2012. Loving-kindness brings loving-kindness: The impact of Buddhism on cognitive selfother integration.Psychonomic bulletin review,19(3), pp.541-545. Gandhi, M.K., 2017.Hindu dharma. Diamond Pocket Books Pvt Ltd. Heimsath, C.H., 2015.Indian nationalism and Hindu social reform. Princeton University Press. Klostermaier, K.K., 2007.A survey of Hinduism. SuNY Press. Menon, U., 2013. The Hindu concept of self-refinement: Implicit yet meaningful.Psychology and Developing Societies,25(1), pp.195-222. Narayanan, A.S., 2014.A Dialogue On Principles And Practice Of Hinduism. , .v Narayanan, V., 2009.Hinduism. The Rosen Publishing Group. Tweed, T.A., 2011. Theory and method in the study of Buddhism: toward'Translocative'analysis.Journal of Global Buddhism,12, p.17. Yao, Z., 2012.The Buddhist theory of self-cognition. Routledge. Young, M.J., Morris, M.W., Burrus, J., Krishnan, L. and Regmi, M.P., 2011. Deity and destiny: Patterns of fatalistic thinking in Christian and Hindu cultures.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology,42(6), pp.1030-1053.

Dulce Et Decorum Est Essays (667 words) - Dulce Et Decorum Est

Dulce Et Decorum Est The poem is one of the most powerful ways to convey an idea or opinion. Through vivid imagery and compelling metaphors, the poem gives the reader the exact feeling the author wanted. The poem "Dulce et Decorum Est," an anti-war poem by Wilfred Owen, makes great use of these devices. This poem is very effective because of its excellent manipulation of the mechanical and emotional parts of poetry. Owen's use of exact diction and vivid figurative language emphasizes his point, showing that war is terrible and devastating. Furthermore, the utilization of extremely graphic imagery adds even more to his argument. Through the effective use of all three of these tools, this poem conveys a strong meaning and persuasive argument. The poem's use of excellent diction helps to more clearly define what the author is saying. Words like "guttering", "choking", and "drowning" not only show how the man is suffering, but that he is in terrible pain that no human being should endure. Other words like writhing and froth-corrupted say precisely how the man is being tormented. Moreover, the phrase "blood shod" shows how the troops have been on their feet for days, never resting. Also, the fact that the gassed man was "flung" into the wagon reveals the urgency and occupation with fighting. The only thing they can do is toss him into a wagon. The fact one word can add to the meaning so much shows how the diction of this poem adds greatly to its effectiveness. Likewise, the use of figurative language in this poem also helps to emphasize the points that are being made. As Perrine says, people use metaphors because they say "...what we want to say more vividly and forcefully..." Owen capitalizes greatly on this by using strong metaphors and similes. Right off in the first line, he describes the troops as being "like old beggars under sacks." This not only says that they are tired, but that they are so tired they have been brought down to the level of beggars who have not slept in a bed for weeks on end. Owen also compares the victim's face to the devil, seeming corrupted and baneful. A metaphor even more effective is one that compares "...vile, incurable sores..." with the memories of the troops. It not only tells the reader how the troops will never forget the experience, but also how they are frightening tales, ones that will the troops will never be able to tell without remembering the extremely painful experience. These comparisons illustrate the point so vividly that they increase the effectiveness of the poem. The most important means of developing the effectiveness of the poem is the graphic imagery. They evoke such emotions so as to cause people to become sick. The images can draw such pictures that no other poetic means can, such as in line twenty-two: "Come gargling from the froth corrupted lungs." This can be disturbing to think about. It shows troops being brutally slaughtered very vividly, evoking images in the reader's mind. In the beginning of the poem the troops were portrayed as "drunk with fatigue." With this you can almost imagine large numbers of people dragging their boots through the mud, tripping over their own shadow. Later in the poem when the gas was dropped, it painted a psychological image that would disturb the mind. The troops were torn out of their nightmarish walk and surrounded by gas bombs. How everyone, in "an ecstasy of fumbling" was forced to run out into the mist, unaware of their fate. Anyone wanting to fight in a war would become nervous at the image of himself running out into a blood bath. The graphic images displayed here are profoundly affecting and can never be forgotten. The poem ties it all together in the last few lines. In Latin, the phrase "Dulce et decorum est pro partria mori" means: "It is sweet and becoming to die for one's country." Owen calls this a lie by using good diction, vivid comparisons, and graphic images to have the reader feel disgusted at what war is capable of. This poem is extremely effective as an anti-war poem, making war seem absolutely horrid and revolting, just as the author wanted it to.

Sanford Dole, Lawyer Helped Make Hawaii a US Territory

Sanford Dole, Lawyer Helped Make Hawaii a US Territory Sanford Dole was a lawyer who was largely responsible for bringing Hawaii into the United States as a territory in the 1890s. Dole helped overthrow the Hawaiian monarchy and served for several years as president of the Hawaiian Republic, an independent government of the islands. The campaign to establish Hawaii as an American territory was backed by sugar planters and other business interests. After being thwarted during the administration of Grover Cleveland, Dole and his allies found a more welcome reception following the election of William McKinley. Hawaii became an American territory in 1898. Fast Facts: Sanford Dole Full Name: Sanford Ballard DoleBorn: April 23, 1844 in Honolulu HawaiiDied: June 9, 1926 in Honolulu, HawaiiKnown For: Lawyer known for working in the 1890s to bring Hawaii into the United States. Served as only president of the independent Republic of Hawaii and first governor of the Territory of Hawaii.Parents: Daniel Dole and Emily Hoyt BallardSpouse: Anna Prentice Cate Early Life and Career Sanford Ballard Dole was born April 23, 1844, in Hawaii, the son of missionaries who had been assigned to educate native people. Dole grew up in Hawaii and attended college in the island before traveling to the United States and enrolling in Williams College in Massachusetts. He studied law and practiced the profession briefly in Boston before returning to Hawaii. Dole set up a law practice in Honolulu and began to get involved in politics. In 1884, he was elected to the Hawaiian legislature, which operated under a monarchy. In 1887, Dole became involved in a rebellion against the Hawaiian king, David Kalakaua. The king was forced to sign away much of his power at gunpoint. The new constitution, which placed most power in a legislature, became known as the Bayonet Constitution, as it had been put in place by threats of violence. Following the rebellion, Dole was appointed to the Hawaiian Supreme Court. He served as a judge on the court until 1893. Revolutionary Leader In 1893, the successor of King David Kalakaua, Queen Lilioukalani, resisted restraints put upon the monarchy by the 1887 constitution, which heavily favored the interests of white businessmen. As the queen sought to restore the monarchy to its earlier power, she was deposed by a coup. In the aftermath of the coup against Queen Lilioukalani, Sanford Dole became the head of the revolutionary provisional government which replaced the monarchy. An obvious goal of the new government was to have Hawaii brought into the United States. A front-page article in the New York Times on January 29, 1893 provided details on the revolution, and mentioned that the newly installed government wanted to be admitted to the United States as a territory. Joining the United States Grover Cleveland’s return as president in 1893 (he began serving the second of his two non-consecutive terms) complicated matters. Cleveland was offended by the coup that deposed the Hawaiian king, especially when an investigation determined that U.S. Marines had been involved, operating without any official orders from Washington. In President Cleveland’s view, the Hawaiian monarchy should be restored. That changed when emissaries from Washington, while seeking to bring the queen back to power, could not get her to forgive the revolutionaries. After relations with the queen broke down, the Cleveland administration eventually recognized the Republic of Hawaii on July 4, 1894. Sanford Dole served as the first and only president of the Republic of Hawaii, holding the office from 1894 to 1900. A focus of his attention was to get the United States to adopt a treaty which would make Hawaii an American territory. Doles task became easier when William McKinley, who was more sympathetic to the idea of Hawaii as an American territory, became president in 1897. Dole continued advocating for Hawaii to join the U.S., and in January 1898, he traveled to Washington, D.C., to meet government officials. After sailing to San Francisco, Dole and his wife embarked on a cross-country railroad journey. His travels became front-page news in cities he visited along the way. He was portrayed as President Dole, a respected foreign leader from an exotic location who also carried himself as a typical American politician. Arriving by train in Washington, Dole was greeted at Union Station by members of McKinleys cabinet. President McKinley called upon Dole at his hotel. A few days later, Dole and his wife were guests of honor at a formal White House dinner. In a number of newspaper interviews Dole was careful to always say he was not lobbying for his cause but merely answering any questions federal officials might have about Hawaii and its desires to join the United States. In the summer of 1898, Hawaii was admitted to the United States as a territory, and Dole’s position as president of the independent republic came to an end. Dole was widely recognized as one of the leading citizens of Hawaii. In 1898, a San Francisco newspaper published a feature on Hawaii joining the United States, and it prominently featured Dole. Though the move toward becoming a U.S. territory had been long and complicated, motivated by business interests and often accompanied by threats of force, Dole put a good face on it. He said Hawaii joining the U.S. was the result of natural growth. Territorial Government President McKinley appointed Dole to be the first territorial governor of Hawaii. He served in that post until 1903, when President Theodore Roosevelt appointed him to be a judge of the U.S. district court. Dole accepted the post, and left politics to return to the law. He served as a judge until 1915. In his later life, Dole was revered as one of Hawaiis most prominent citizens. He died in Hawaii in 1926. Sources: Dole, Sanford Ballard. Gale Encyclopedia of American Law, edited by Donna Batten, 3rd ed., vol. 3, Gale, 2010, pp. 530-531. Gale Virtual Reference Library.Hawaii. Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History, edited by Thomas Carson and Mary Bonk, vol. 1, Gale, 1999, pp. 422-425. Gale Virtual Reference Library.Joint Resolution to Provide for Annexing the Hawaiian Islands to the United States. American Eras: Primary Sources, edited by Rebecca Parks, vol. 1: Development of the Industrial United States, 1878-1899, Gale, 2013, pp. 256-258. Gale Virtual Reference Library.

I need a reaction paper for an environmental science class of one page Essay

I need a reaction paper for an environmental science class of one page - Essay Example We are shelling out more cash to buy something our forefathers were inherently producing. The Green Revolution which allowed for the widespread use of pesticide only created a bigger dilemma as more and more of these chemicals became necessary to crop plants. The Chakrabarty case which allowed the patenting of genes for oil-eating microbes is nothing but added burden to farmers. The story of Percy Schmeiser who lost a case to Monsanto, a company which owns 11, 000 patents is appalling. It is basically saying that Monsanto owns something in Schmeiser’s property without his knowledge and he must therefore pay a fine because of the Roundup ready canola seeds. This poses a threat on agriculture in a worldwide perspective as these companies can now impose patent fines on anyone as long as genes they have patented can be seen on anyone’s backyard. This system is illogical and the government only makes it worst, much more even the judiciary is not of any help. This affects und erdeveloped countries as they are undercut by these regulatory rules and access to food becomes even more inaccessible. It is a machinery of industry fuelled by money-making.

Does Standardized Testing Work Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Does Standardized Testing Work - Research Paper Example Different studies have revealed that ‘standardized tests’ are bias in nature as they are favorable for students coming from affluent family background. A ‘standardized test’ is called ‘standardized’ because it is assumed that it treats every student equally and gives everyone an equal opportunity to do well in the tests. The foundation of the ‘standardized tests’ is the fair and equal opportunity to everyone. However, with bias in its design, the foundation of standardized test has proved to be extremely weak and hence, the standardized test fails to work. The nature of standardized tests The intention of ‘standardized tests’ is to measure the learning curve and the academic progress of students. A ‘test’ is called ‘standardized’ when it is designed with a ‘standard’ format and is conducted under ‘standard conditions’ (FairTest, 2007, para.2). Hence, students giving st andardized tests have to give tests under same test conditions, with same questions and same scoring way (FairTest, 2007, para.2). This assures uniformity and objectivity in testing. Moreover, standardized tests have become a decisive factor in the process of getting admissions in schools and colleges and hence, have become extremely significant in the life of a student (and parents) (FairTest, 2007, para.2). It will not be wrong to say that ‘standardized test’ is a matter of life and ‘death’ as far as the education and professional prospects of students are concerned. Hence, it is natural for educators and parents to expect that ‘standardized test’ is designed in such a way that it measures the ‘natural’ potential of a student and not the superficial skills, which can be improved with the aid of resources available outside the school. However, it has been found that standardized test inclines in favor of students coming from afflu ent and advantageous family backgrounds and hence, proves fatal to the education system of the country (FairTest, 2007, para.5). Education has a potential to offer unconditional love, understanding, appreciation and unbiased treatment to children. Right education has the power to shape the future of the world by producing intelligent, mature and confident human beings. However, it has been found that the quality of the education is declining due to the effort in winning the race of scoring well in ‘standardized tests’ (Kohn, 2000, para.14). It has been observed that instead of measuring the natural skills like genuine understanding and intelligence, the standardized test measures the temporary skills of acquisition of facts, copying the answers and â€Å"skill of test-taking itself† (Kohn, 2000, para.14). Hence, what the tests measure is nothing but superficial skill set which does not contribute in improving the quality of learning and education in any way. Unfo rtunately, this fact also applies to the tests like SAT, MAT, CAT, CTBS and ITBS. The measurement criteria People have given importance to tests because they think that tests measure the quality of learning, teaching, intelligence and thinking ability. However, it has been found that non-referenced tests like SAT, MAT, CAT, ITBS and CTBS were designed to give ‘ranking’ to the students and not to measure the quali

The Modern State and International Relations

The Modern State and International Relations Q2. What is the most significant feature of the modern state and how has it shaped international relations? The core of the early modern period to vast histories of sovereignty and state formation is a topic produced for some of the work done by the most influential political theorists of the past century. However an attempt of understanding the nature of political consciousness requires a historical understanding of the theoretical evolution of the modern state itself. This, in turn, requires an understanding of earlier state formations and ideologies that has influenced the evolution (Nelson, 2006). In this essay, I will discuss the topic of the modern state, its significant feature and how modern state has shaped international relations. In discussing the features, this essay aims to identify and define the term state, the components and key concepts of modern state, followed by the main significant feature and its impact towards the new era of international relations. The modern state is believed to have rises between the fifteenth and eighteenth centuries in Europe, and later spread to the rest of the world through conquest and colonialism. This ideal of modern state comprises of four defining characteristics that is territory, sovereignty (external and internal), legitimacy, and bureaucracy. Legitimacy can come in various forms, from traditional, to charismatic, to rational-legal, the latter of which requires a highly effective bureaucracy and some semblance of the rule of law. States uses the four aspects to provide their populations goods such as security, a legal system, and infrastructure. â€Å"Weak states† are those that cannot adequately provide these goods, and once a state has become so weak that it loses effective sovereignty over part of its territory, it may be called a â€Å"failed state† (or in extreme instances a â€Å"collapsed state†) The most definitive terms of state comes from the German political sociologist and economic historian Max Weber (1864–1920). Max Weber claims that â€Å"the state is human community that successfully claims the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force within a given territory†. A starting-point for Weber, which contrasted with much earlier thinking, was that the state could not be defined in terms of its goals or functions, but had rather to be understood in terms of its distinctive means. Thus, he argued that â€Å"the state cannot be defined in terms of its ends. There is scarcely any task that some political association has not taken in hand, and there is no task that one could say has always been exclusive and peculiar to those associations which are designated as political ones. Ultimately, one can define the modern state only in terms of the specific means peculiar to it, as to every political association, namely, the use of physical force†. For Web er, the modern state was a particular form of the state which was itself, a particular form of a more general category of political associations. There are two more recent definitions of a state. The first is by a sociologist named Charles Tilly and the second is by the Nobel-laureate economist, Douglass North. Chares Tilly claims that states are â€Å"relatively centralized, differentiated organizations, the officials of which, more or less, successfully claim control over the chief concentrated means of violence within a population inhabiting a large contiguous territory† (Tilly 1985, 170). Douglas North says that â€Å"a state is an organization with a comparative advantage in violence, extending over a geographic area whose boundaries are determined by its power to tax constituents† (North 1981, 21) There are two key concepts of the modern state The territorial state and the unitary sovereign will whereby the modern state project is aimed at replacing confused political order. Global spread of the idea of the nation-state Weber ‘the modern state is the result of a century’s long process of disarming non-state/private actors’. According to Charles Tilley, the state proved itself to be a superior. Modern state can also be associated with charter of the UN. A state is more than a government; that is clear. A state is the means of rule over a defined or sovereign territory. It is comprised of an executive, a bureaucracy, courts and other institutions. In a broad sense, any polity, any politically organised society, can be viewed as a state, and various criteria can be used to distinguish between different kinds of state. There are three components to the modern state comprises of territory, people and central government. Territory comprises of the element on which its other elements exist. People are every territorial unit that participates in international relations supports human life. Central government is the members of the state designated as its official representatives. States not only claim ultimate power within their realms (internal sovereignty), they also claim independence of one another (external sovereignty). Some of the significant features of modern state may be the dominant form of political authority and imagination today but it has taken many and specific forms across the world without completely removing or superseding older languages of power and public authority. According to Weber, the modern statemonopolizesthe means of legitimate physical violenceover awell-defined territory. Monopoly on force– has the right and ability to use violence, in legally defined instances, against members of society, or against other states. Legitimacy– its power is recognized by members of society and by other states as based on law and some form of justice. Territoriality– the state exists in a defined territory (which includes land, water and air) and exercises authority over the population of that territory. Changingconceptions of the modern stateinevitably provoke conflicting views of sovereignty. While some argue that the growing impact of cosmopolitan norms and transnationally-based governance are weakening state sovereignty, others claim that the concept is merely being redefined. Indeed, the latter group even includes proponents of global governance, who argue that state sovereignty can actually be strengthened rather than weakened by the transfer of power to the supranational level. Modernization has brought a series of indisputable benefits to people. Lower infant mortality rate, decreased death from starvation, eradication of some of the fatal diseases, more equal treatment of people with different backgrounds and incomes, and so on. To some, this is an indication of the potential of modernity, perhaps yet to be fully realized. In general, rational, scientific approach to problems and the pursuit of economic wealth seems still too many a reasonable way of understanding good socia l development. At the same time, there are a number of dark sides of modernity pointed out by sociologists and others. Technological development occurred not only in the medical and agricultural fields, but also in the military. Environmental problems comprise another category in the dark side of modernity. Pollution is perhaps the least controversial of these, but one may include decreasing biodiversity and climate change as results of development. The development of biotechnology and genetic engineering are creating what some consider sources of unknown risks. Besides these obvious incidents, many critics point out psychological and moral hazards of modern life alienation, feeling of rootlessness, loss of strong bonds and common values, hedonism, disenchantment of the world, and so on. Likewise, the loss of a generally agreed upon definitions of human dignity, human nature, and the resulting loss of value in human life have all been cited as the impact of a social process/civilization that reaps the fruits of growing privatization, subjectivism, reductionism, as well as a loss of traditional values and worldviews. All states use at least the threat of force to organize public life. The fact that dictatorships might more obviously use force should not hide the fact that state rule in democracies is based on the threat of force (and often the use of force). That states rule through the use of force does not mean that they are all powerful. This explains why North and Tilly only claim that states must have a â€Å"comparative advantage in violence† or have control â€Å"over the chief concentrated means of violence†. Nor does the state’s ability to use force necessarily mean that it can always enforce its will. All states tolerate some non-compliance. At some point, the marginal cost of enforcing laws becomes so great for any state that it prefers to allow some degree of non-compliance rather than spend more resources on improving law enforcement. Idealism is a classical theme of an unchanging and untrustworthy human nature, of anarchy in the international order, of ‘cold war’ as a semi-permanent state, of amorality in international affairs, of the security. The experience of the 1930s – above all, the rise of fascism and the descent into a second world war – dealt a severe blow to this liberal-minded progressivism and made space for what was to become the dominant paradigm in IR: realism and its second-generation progeny, neo-realism. At the heart of the realist approach is the insistence that we study the political world ‘as it actually is and as it ought to be in view of its intrinsic nature, rather than as people would like to see it’ (Morgenthau 1978: 15). For realists, both human nature and the character of international politics to which this gives rise are, in their essentials, timeless and unchanging. These characteristic claims of realism can be developed in terms of the eight key propositions which follow. States are the major actors in world affairs States behave as unitary actors States act rationally International anarchy is the principal force shaping the motives and actions of states States in anarchy are preoccupied with issues of power and security Morality is a radically qualified principle in international politics States are predisposed towards conflict and competition, and often fail to cooperate, even in the face of common interests International organizations have a marginal effect upon these prospects for inter-state cooperation However, critics of realism have never gone unchallenged. States are not the only major actors in world affairs Anarchy is constrained by forms of international cooperation Institutional arrangements may allow for much greater international cooperation than realism supposes International organizations may have a significant effect upon the prospects for inter-state cooperation States are not solely preoccupied with issues of military security Increasingly, international relations are about economic power Realism’ does not reflect ‘reality’ but one world-view (among many) in the service of particular interests In conclusion, while various states justify coercion in different ways, (through elections, through birth, through religion etc.), while they may use coercion for different purposes (to improve social welfare or to enrich themselves), and while their use of coercion may have different effects (higher levels of investment), it is also notable that such commonly-observed features of many modern societies as the nuclear family, slavery, gender roles, and nation states do not necessarily fit well with the idea of rational social organization in which components such as people are treated equally. While many of these features have been dissolving, histories seem to suggest those features may not be mere exceptions to the essential characteristics of modernization, but necessary parts of it. However, it is important to recognize that, although the nation-state has become by far the most predominant political entity in the world, there are still â€Å"stateless nations† like the Kurd s in Iraq and â€Å"diasporic nations† without a clearly identified homeland such as the Roma. As a result, nations and states remain distinct concepts even if they increasingly seem to occur together. References Ahmad, R.E., Eijaz, A., 2011, â€Å"Modern Sovereign State System is under Cloud in the Age of Globalization†, South Asian Studies – A Research Journal of South Asian Studies, Vl.26, No.2, pp.85-297 Clark, W.R., Golder, M., Golder, S.N., 2012, â€Å"Chapter 4: The Origins of the Modern State†, Principles of Comparative Politics, Vol. 2, pp1-66 Closson, S, Kolsto, P, Seymour, L.J.M., Caspersen, N, 2013, â€Å"Unrecognized States: The Strugge for Sovereignty in the Modern International System†, Nationalities Paper: The Journal of Nationalism and Ethnicity, Routledge Publishing, Vol.41, pp.1-9 Farr, J., 2005, â€Å"Point: The Westphalia Legacy and The Modern Nation-State†, International Social Science Review, Vol. 80, Issue 3/4, pp.156-159 Mann, M, 1993,â€Å"A Theory of The Modern State†, The Sources of Social Power Volume 2, The Rise of Classes and Nation States 1760-1914, Cambridge University Press, Vol.2, pp.44-89 Morris, C.W, â€Å"The Modern State†, Handbook of Political Theory, Sage Publications, pp.1-16 Nelson, B.R, 2006, â€Å"State and Ideology† The Making of the Modern State – a Theoretical Evolution, Palgrave Macmillan, pp.1-177 Netzloff, M., 2014, â€Å"The State and Early Modernity†, Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies, University of Pennsylvania Press, Vol. 14, No.1, pp.149-154. Pierson, C, 1996, â€Å"The Modern State: The Second Edition†, Routledge Taylor Francis Group, pp.1-206 Sidaway, J.D., 2013, â€Å"The Topology of Sovereignty†, Geopolitics, Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Vol.18, No.4, pp.961-966 Chapter 3: The Modern State, http://www.chsbs.cmich.edu/fattah/courses/introPolSc/ch03state.htm Introducing Comparative Politics: The Modern State, http://college.cqpress.com/sites/drogusorvis/Home/chapter2.aspx The Problem with Sovereignty: The Modern States Collision with the International Law Movement, http://www.isn.ethz.ch/Digital-Library/Articles/Special-Feature/Detail/?id=135613contextid774=135613contextid775=135611 1

Essay --

Divorce is not an exception anymore. In fact, with the rate of marriage decreasing over the past decade, and the divorce rate remaining steady, we are likely to know more people who are divorced than those who are legally bound. During this semester we read four novels. Divorce was a common theme in all of them. Only a few generations ago, American culture rejected divorce as scandalous. Today, law, behavior, and culture embrace and even celebrate it. It got me to wondering about the children of divorced parents. It got me to wondering, what about the children? Being concerned about them, I decided to research the Disruption of many traditional households. What happens during and after the process of divorce, predominantly to the children. Does parents’ divorce have negative impact on their later outcomes. After considerable research, I found that an increased social acceptance of divorce over the years has not reduced the negative effects experienced by the children of divorced parents. Every year, more than a million of American children suffer the divorce of their parents. Divorce causes pain to all involved, but most especially to the children. Though it is showed to be more accepted by society, it may put children in a downward trajectory from which they might never fully recover. A 2011 study by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that children of divorced parents often fall behind their classmates in math and social skills, and are more likely to suffer anxiety, stress, and low self-esteem. The reason that math skills are affected is likely because learning math is cumulative. "If I do not understand that one plus one is two," lead researcher and a Ph.D. candidate in sociology Hyun Sik Kim says, "then I cannot unde... ...ge formation behavior and educational attainment. Wolfinger's research is based on the National Survey of Families and Households, which included detailed information on family background for 13,000 people, and the General Social Survey, which surveyed 20,000 people over a 30-year period. In conclusion, children of divorce are often subject to many negative effects. â€Å"Broken† homes are a tough situation to deal with. Divorce causes many problems and should not always be the solution to family problems, there is counseling and many other solutions to look into before automatically switching to divorce. As was discussed in this research, there are many educational, psychological and emotional effects on children of divorce. The best solution to all this pain is to be open and honest with children as well as try to seek out help. Divorce should be a last resort.

Power of organizations Essay

Lee Iacocca was born Lido A. Iacocca, on October 25, 1924 to Nicola and Antoinette, who were both Italian immigrants. His parents were hardworking people and his father Nicola believed that America was a land of opportunities. As long as people were willing to work hard, it America, it was possible to achieve anything. Lee followed his father’s work ethic and when he just a boy of ten years, he would take his wagon to the grocery store and wait outside. He volunteered to take the groceries of the shoppers to their respective houses for a tip. When he turned 16, he worked 16 hours a day in a fruit market. Lee confesses that the depression of the 1930s resulted in a transformation to his personality and he became a materialist. He graduated from college with the goal of earning $10,000 a year till he was 25 and then, he planned to work towards becoming a millionaire (Iacocca, 1984). The depression also made Lee a less intolerant person towards waste in any form: food, clothing or business and a conservative person in his investments. He always knew that disaster can strike any time. During his school days, Lee also faced racial discrimination due to the fact that he was Italian. Moreover, he was pained by the fact that his two Jewish friends were treated worse than he was. When Lee was in Chrysler, he named Gerald Greenwald as the Vice President of Chrysler. He would be the first Jew to enter the top ranks of any of the top three automakers (Iacocca, 1984). After his graduation at Lehigh, he got a job with Ford. But he could not pursue that job at that point in time, because he won the Wallace Memorial Fellowship at Princeton. He Graduated from Princeton and started working for Ford in 1946. Lee married Mary McCleary in 1956 (Iacocca, 1984). Lee considered his family life very important and reserved weekends to spend time with family. Lee’s success in business was not only due to his hard work and education, but also due to his ability to adapt to any situation (Swinfin, 2006). He was also a decisive man and had the ability to take innovative decisions. In 1956, when his district was the last in sales, he introduced a new program called â€Å"56 for 56†. This program made it possible to purchase a new 1956 Ford for 20 % down and $56. 00 a month for 3 years. The program was a huge success and more than 75,000,000 cars were sold and his district secured the first place in sales. Lee also undertook the challenge of the Fairlane Committee, which was responsible for producing a new type of car. Lee analyzed the research data on demographics and buying capacity of Americans and concluded that the car must be small, but needed to hold 4 passengers. There would be a 2500 LB limit, and the cost could not exceed $2,500. 00 with equipment. The end product was the 1964 Mustang (Iacocca, 1984). Iacocca Lee was a good leader who used good marketing research data, surrounded himself with good people, and was open to new ideas. Lee became President of Ford on December 10, 1970. He initiated a program called â€Å"Shuck the Losers†. This program gave managers 3 years to make their departments profitable or sell them off (Iacocca, 1984). This shows that Lee was also highly competitive in approach and stern when he had to be. Though there were many successful projects while he was at Ford, by the end of 1975, Lee started having personal conflicts with Henry Ford II. Lee was fired in July of 1978 and thereafter he joined Chrysler on November 2, 1978. Lee found that Chrysler had a problem in its communication style and team work. He reduced his salary to $1 per year and bargained with the union for cuts in salary and benefits. First, Iacocca announced plant closures, job layoffs, and his plans for the company. His next move was cutting several large models, which were heavily unprofitable, and put the subcompact Dodge Omni and Plymouth Horizon into production. The Omni and Horizon became instant hits, selling over 300,000 units each their debut year (Iacocca, 1988). By 1983 Lee turned around the fortunes of Chrysler and repaid all government loans. Lee made a public statement, â€Å"We at Chrysler borrow money the old fashioned way. We pay it back. † At Chrysler, Iacocca not only overcame a $3. 3 billion deficit but capped it with another $3. 3 billion profit between 1982 and 1984. That represents a net gain of $6. 6 billion, or an average increase in earnings of $6 million per day over the previous period (Harmon and Jacobs, 2006). The administrative style of Lee Iacocca is based on tapping the hidden power of organizations. He peeled â€Å"the encrusting layers of dead habits, vested interests, outmoded strategies and inertia and removed the lid on an enormous reservoir of productive energies. He did it by firing 33 of the company’s 35 vice-presidents and allowing long-suppressed ideas, energies, and talents to rise to the surface† (Harmon and Jacobs, 2006). Thus Lee was responsible for discovering the potential of organizational power. This discovery not only brought into use hidden potentials but also created new possibilities. The administrative style of Lee Iacocca enabled organizational power to maximize the productive and efficient utilization of ideas, resources, energies, and opportunities. He combined the organization power with his personal talents at communication, decision-making, motivating, time management, flexible approach in leading, and innovation to achieve great success as a leader. Lee Iococca, after his successful career at The Ford Motor Company and Chrysler, said, â€Å"I seized the opportunity, but I was no ninety-day wonder. It took me almost forty years of hard work. † This then, was the main reason behind his success.

A Problem Of Ocean Pollution - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 590 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Ecology Essay Level High school Tags: Pollution Essay Water Pollutions Essay Did you like this example? Growing up and spending most of my childhood in one of the most beautiful places Florida has to offer, you learn to love the ocean and its surrounding features. As a little girl pretending to be a mermaid in the Florida Keys water, was such a thrilling experience, until you see trash floating beside you. This was a saddening and painful feeling knowing the affects that are occurring as you are trying to soak up the sun and view the beauty of the ocean. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Problem Of Ocean Pollution" essay for you Create order The ocean is a gift to the citizens that occupy two-thirds of the world. Ocean pollution comes from various land activities. These activities may involve, people, machines, companies, and chemical spills. The ocean was once a phenomenal view that society enjoyed without the trash. Imagine reversing society’s actions and recreating something we can enjoy, litter free for thousands of years, once more. Imagine living in a picture-perfect environment at the beach. Trash is nowhere in sight and your view of the ocean is breath taking as you watch the sea gulls and dolphins travel. This could be a possibility if society would stop polluting the ocean. If money was no object, I would create a nonprofit organization that would bring this dream into fruition. First, I would create a mission statement, that would be to recruit philanthropists with a like-minded vision and love of the ocean. Next, would be to hire workers â€Å"top-dollar† to get local beaches into â€Å"top-notch shape,†. The beaches would not be littered with cigarette butts, those filters can take decades to decompose after the cigarette butt has been discarded. As they break down the chemicals can be consumed by wildlife. According to environmental researchers by NBC news, scientists have found traces of these chemicals in roughly 70% of seabirds and approximately 30% of sea turtles. Plastic can holders, which are found around the necks of many sea creatures that cause irreplaceable damage, along with plastic bags. These deaths are noted as death by plastic for sea life, these deaths have increased every year. According to National Geographic, over 5.25 trillion pieces of trash have been discovered in the ocean. Plastic debris really took over our planet. The worst part about this is plastic is not biodegradable. The plastic we use daily should be turned into paper. With the â€Å"non-profit organization† taking place this company would supply restaurants and grocery stores with the necessary paper products, such as, straws, cups, and grocery bags. Consumers will be able to dispose of them and recycle these all back into paper products. An alternative solution for restaurants’ and stores , are biodegradable products such as dinnerware and utensils. Additionally, as a human I love to eat. I am not a picky eater when it comes to tasty food. Whether society intends to take up this knowledge or not, pollution causes humans to ingest contaminated fish and mammals from our polluted oceans. Human health seems to be less important to individuals as they age. With the non-profit organization created, this would help fishermen catch nontoxic seafood for human consumption. Along with enjoying the beauty of the ocean and creating harmony between man and nature. Loving the ocean as I do, it is disappointing to see such beauty being destroyed.Society as whole needs to think how the ocean is a gift and a privilege to behold. Sadly, over the years, it is becoming harder to preserve our oceans due to its beauty being demolished by the actions of our citizens. Ending ocean pollution starts with the man in the mirror.